Invalidity of appeal proceedings

The proceedings are invalid:

• if legal action was inadmissible;
• if the party did not have judicial or procedural capacity, the body appointed to represent it or a statutory representative, or if the party's representative was not duly authorized; if a previously initiated case is pending between the same parties regarding the same claim or if such a case has already been legally adjudicated;
• if the composition of the adjudicating court was contrary to the provisions of law or if a judge excluded by law took part in hearing the case;
• if the party has been deprived of the opportunity to defend its rights;
• if the district court ruled in a case in which the district court has jurisdiction regardless of the value of the subject matter of the dispute.